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《贵金属》2007年第1期（总107期）摘要
1, 硫脲碳浆法处理浮选金精矿工艺研究
孙彩兰，田桂芝，夏 禹，朱文红 （抚顺职业技术学院 化工系，辽宁 抚顺 113006）
Study on Treatment of Gold Flotation Concentrate with Thiourea/CIP Process
SUN Cailan, TIAN Guizhi, XIA Yu, ZHU Wenhong ( Department of Chemical Engineering, Fushun Vocational Technical Institution, Fushun, Liaoning 113006, China )
Abstract: The thiourea/CIP process for gold extraction of a certain kind of gold flotation concentrate was investigated. The factors affected the process were studied. The leaching rate and adsorption rate of gold reach 87.31% and 98.78%, respectively. The technology has many advantages, such as high leaching rate and adsorption rate, short leaching time and contacting time, and without environment pollution.
Key words: hydro-metallurgy; gold flotation concentrate; thiourea; CIP process
摘 要：针对辽宁某地区浮选金精矿采用硫脲碳浆工艺进行研究，并对各种影响因素进行了实验，提出了硫脲碳浆法处理浮选金精矿提金的工艺方案。结果表明，金的浸出率达87.31%，吸附率为98.78%。该项技术具有浸取和吸附时间短，没有环境污染等优点，为工业应用提供技术依据。
关键词：湿法冶金；金精矿；硫脲；碳浆法
2, 难浸氰化尾渣浮选精矿的常温常压碱浸预处理
孟宇群1, 代淑娟2, 刘德军2( 1. 中国科学院 金属研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 110016; 2. 东北大学, 辽宁 沈阳 110004 )
摘 要：某氰化尾渣浮选精矿采用超细磨-氰化方法处理，在＜37μm占99.5%的磨矿细度下浸出24h，金的浸出率仅有1.80 %，极难浸出。采用常温常压碱浸强化预氧化工艺处理后，在NaCN用量6kg/t、氰化时间24h的条件下，金的浸出回收率提高到85.82%，炭吸附率99.66%。
关键词：湿法冶金；氰化尾渣；难浸金精矿；常温常压；碱浸预处理
Cy Alkaline Pretreatment for Refractory Gold Floatation Concentrate of anidation Tailings under Normal Temperature and Pressure
MENG Yuqun1, DAI Shujuan2, LIU Dejun2 ( 1. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; 2. Northeast University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China )
Abstract: The floatation concentrate of cyanidation tailings was very refractory. For example the dissolution of gold by NaCN for leaching 24h for cyanidation tailings under the grinding size of ＜37μm of 99.5% was only 1.80%. After the pretreatment of intensified alkaline leaching under normal temperature and pressure, the dissolution of gold is raised to 85.82% with the cyanide consumption of 6 kg/t, and the adsorption recovery by activated charcoal is 99.66%.
Key words: hydro-metallurgy; cyanidation tailings; refractory gold floatation concentrate; normal temperature and pressure; alkaline pretreatment
3．Theoretical Study on 2-Butyl-Tetrahydrothiophene-1- Oxide and Its Pd(II) Complex Isomers
XU Zhiguang, GU Guobang*, LIU Haiyang, WU Songping
（Department of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China）
Abstract: 2-Butyl-tetrahydrothiophene-1-oxide (BTHTO) and its three isomeric Pd(II) complexes models have been calculated by various quantum chemistry methods. Geometry optimization results show BHandH method can give adequate accuracy for both free sulfoxide and its Pd(II) complexes. Molecular energy of complex A with O coordination is the highest in three isomeric complexes models, while that of model B with S coordination is the lowest, and molecular energy of model C with mixed S and O coordination is slight higher than model B. The O atom is advantageously in coordination, but S atom do not in S=O group for geometries structure. So in the SX process the extracted Pd(II)- BTHTO extraction complex forms the model C with mixed S and O coordination quickly, and then became the model B with S coordination in steady thermodynamic state in period of time.
Key words: coordination chemistry; palladium; theoretically study; BTHTO; coordination
2－丁基－四氢噻吩亚砜及其钯配合物异构体的理论研究
徐志广，古国榜*，刘海洋，吴松平（华南理工大学 化学科学学院，广东 广州 510641）
摘 要: 采用多种理论研究方法对2-丁基-四氢噻吩亚砜(BTHTO)及其钯配合物进行几何优化，发现BHandH/6-31G*法所得构型最优，从理论上研究BTHTO与钯(II)的配合模式及其分子稳定性的关系。结果表明Pd-O配位的A模式能量最高，Pd-S配位的B模式能量最低最稳定，而混合配位的C模式能量稍高于B。环状亚砜中的氧原子处于分子的外侧，所受位阻较小，配位速度较快；硫原子受环状结构和侧链影响，位阻较大，配位速度较慢。在萃取过程中，萃合物以硫氧混合配位的C模式形成，随时间的增加，氧配位转化为硫配位即B模式，能量达到最低值，为热力学的稳定状态。
关键词: 配位化学; 钯；理论研究；2-丁基-四氢噻吩亚砜；配位
4, Ti/nano-TiO2-Pt复合电极催化甲醇氧化的研究
阳超琴，杨 玲，夏举佩（昆明理工大学 生物与化学工程学院，云南 昆明 650224）
摘 要：采用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备纳米TiO2(Ti/nano-TiO2)膜电极，再用电沉积法在纳米TiO2膜上修饰Pt微粒，制成Ti/nano-TiO2-Pt复合电极。用循环伏安法研究了纯Pt丝电极和Ti/nano-TiO2-Pt电极对甲醇氧化的电催化活性以及稳定性。结果表明：对甲醇氧化，复合电极比Pt丝电极具有更高的催化活性，且对甲醇氧化中间产物CO的吸附量少，因而不易中毒；复合电极载铂量达到一定值时，电极具有最强的催化活性。
关键词：金属材料；纳米TiO2膜电极；Ti/nano-TiO2-Pt复合电极；甲醇氧化
Investigation of Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol on Ti/nano-TiO2-Pt Composite Electrode
YANG Chaoqin, YANG Lin ,XIA Jupei ( Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming,Yunnan 650224, China )
Abstract: The Ti-based nanocrystalline TiO2 film electrode (Ti/nano-TiO2) was prepared by sol-gel method, and it was modified with Pt forming Ti/nano-TiO2-Pt composite electrode. The electrocatalytic activity of Ti/ nano-TiO2-Pt composite electrode and pure Pt wire electrode for oxidation of methanol was studied by the cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the composite electrode possesses higher catalytic activity for methanol oxidation and fewer amount of CO adsorption compared with those of Pt wire electrode, it has better stability; and that the catalytic activity of the composite electrode relates to Pt loading, when the Pt loading reaches a certain value, the maximum catalytic activity can be obtained.
Key words: metal materials; nano-TiO2 film electrode; Ti/nano-TiO2-Pt composite electrode; oxidation of methanol
5, 有限元方法在贵金属材料学中的应用
陈 松，管伟明，张昆华，孔建稳( 贵研铂业股份有限公司，云南 昆明 650221 )
摘 要：简要叙述了有限元方法的基本原理、特征和步骤，阐述了该方法在贵金属材料学中所具有的应用价值，并给出将该方法用于给定贵金属材料领域得出的研究结果。研究了Ir坩埚铸造过程中的温度场分布特点，通过有限元方法计算得到的预测与实际生产中遇到的问题相一致；对有限大小的Au-Ni扩散偶、互扩散系数与浓度有关的复杂扩散浓度分布进行了计算；对某Ag基氧化物电触头在电弧作用下的静态和瞬态温度场进行相应计算，得到了液态Ag熔池形状、体积等信息及瞬态温度场温升曲线。
关键词：金属材料；有限元；贵金属；电接触温度场；扩散
Application of Finite Element Method in Precious Metals Materials Science
CHEN Song, GUAN Weiming, ZHANG Kunhua, KONG Jianwen
( Sino-Platinum Metals Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650221, China )
Abstract: The basic theory, characters and process of finite element method were briefly described. The application value of finite element method in precious metals science was summarized. Many results were listed by using finite element method in this field. Firstly, the temperature map of Ir crucible during casting is investigated. The forecast results of the investigation are same as the practice results. Secondly, the diffusion content map of Au-Ni diffusion couple with finite size and the relationship between the interdiffusion coefficient and content is given. At last, the static and instantaneous temperature fields of an Ag-base oxide electric contact under arc operation are calculated. The shape and volume of liquid Ag molten pool are obtained. During the instantaneous temperature field investigation, the most important plot of relationship between temperature and time is obtained.
Key words: metal materials; finite element method; precious metals; electrical contact temperature fields; diffusion
6, Influence of Characteristic of Metal Oxides on the Service Performance of Ag/MeO Contact
ZHANG Weijun, DU Yongguo, HU Junsui ( College of Aerospace and Material Engineering, National Univ. of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China )
Abstract:The service performance of three kinds of contact materials, Ag/CdO, Ag/SnO2 and Ag/REO, were studied under 20A and 20V dc loading condition. The contact surfaces of the contacts were observed by SEM after 150×103 break operations. The results indicated that the Ag/REO contact has the best integrative performance with the lowest contact resistance and metal transfer and keeps the best surface state with smooth plane and without cracks and pores. The characteristics of the metal oxides in the contact materials, including the density, size and the volume fraction, show much influence on the service performance Ag/MeO contacts.
Key words: metal materials; service performance; Ag/MeO contact materials
金属氧化物对Ag/MeO触点材料性能的影响
张为军，堵永国，胡君遂（国防科技大学 航天与材料工程学院，湖南 长沙 410073）
摘 要：研究了20A20V dc负载条件下， Ag/CdO(90/10，质量分数，下同), Ag/SnO2(90/10)和Ag/REO(88/12)三种触点材料的电气使用性能。结果表明，Ag/REO接触电阻最低、材料转移最少。对其15万次分断后的接触表面进行的SEM分析表明，Ag/REO触点表面平坦，结合紧密，没有裂纹和孔洞产生。论文分析了氧化物粒度、体积分数、密度等对Ag/MeO触点材料性能的影响。
关键词：金属材料；电气性能；Ag/MeO触点材料
7, 厚膜铂电阻浆料烧结过程微观结构分析
贺 昕，陈 峤，熊晓东，张 曦，南志军
（北京有色金属研究总院 有研亿金新材料股份有限公司，北京 100088）
摘 要：通过扫描电镜分析，研究了厚膜铂电阻浆料在烘干、烧结过程中微观结构的变化，讨论了烧结过程中对膜层致密度的影响因素。结果表明，烧结温度、烧结制度显著影响膜层微观结构，膜层中出现的针眼状孔洞主要是有机成分挥发、铂粉和玻璃体的拉聚收缩及冷却过程中基体对膜层拉附作用的综合结果。
关键词：金属材料；厚膜浆料；铂；烧结；微观结构
Microstructure Analysis of Thick Film Platinum Resistance Paste during Sintering
HE Xin, CHEN Qiao, XIONG Xiaodong, ZHANG Xi, NAN Zhijun
( GRIKIN Advanced Materials Co. Ltd., Beijing 100088, China )
Abstract: Changes of microstructure of the thick film platinum resistance paste during drying and sintering were studied by SEM. The main factors influencing tightness of the sintered membrane were discussed. The results indicated that the sintering temperature and schedule influence the microstructure of the sintered membrane significantly. The pinhole in the platinum film is attributed to the synthetical effects of the volatilization of organic component, the shrinkage of platinum and glass powder and the drawing force from the substrate during cooling procedure.
Key words: metal materials; thick film paste; platinum; sintering; microstructure
8, 氧化态、还原态多组元贵金属尾气净化催化剂催化性能的研究
旷成秀1，李凤仪2（1. 九江学院 化学化工学院，江西 九江 332005；2. 南昌大学 应用化学研究所，江西 南昌 330047）
摘 要：应用微反应装置研究了Pt-Pd/Al2O3和Pt-Rh-Pd/Al2O3催化剂的氧化态和还原态的催化活性，对催化剂进行了XRD、TPD、TPR表征，并对反应机制进行了探讨。结果表明，在氧化态和还原态Pt-Pd/Al2O3催化剂中，氧化态Pt-Pd/Al2O3催化剂的催化氧化性能优于还原态Pt-Pd/Al2O3催化剂，且具有相同的催化机制；在氧化态和还原态Pt-Rh-Pd/Al2O3催化剂中，氧化态Pt-Rh-Pd/Al2O3催化剂的催化氧化性能不如还原态Pt-Rh-Pd/Al2O3催化剂，主要是由不同的催化机制所引起的；氧与贵金属的结合不利于NO的还原。
关键词：金属材料；贵金属；氧化态和还原态；催化剂
Study on Catalytic Activities of Oxidized or Reduced Polycomponenet Noble Metals Auto-catalysts
KUANG Chengxiu1, LI Fengyi2( 1. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China; 2. Institute of Applied Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China )
Abstract: Catalytic activities of oxidized Pt-Pd/Al2O3 and reduced Pt-Pd/Al2O3 catalysts, oxidized Pt-Rh-Pd/Al2O3 and reduced Pt-Rh-Pd/Al2O3 catalysts were studied with flow-system micro reactor. All these catalysts were characterized by TPD, XRD and TPR and their catalytic mechanisms were discussed. The results showed that oxidation activity of oxidized Pt-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst is superior to that of reduced Pt-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, and they have the same catalytic mechanism. The oxidation activity of oxidized Pt-Rh-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst is not as good as that of reduced Pt-Rh-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, which is attributed to their different catalytic mechanisms. Noble metals combined with oxygen are harmful to the reduction activities.
Key words: metal materials; noble metals; oxidized and reduced; catalyst
9, 溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺银TiO2的相变和抗菌性能研究
程永清，李丽玲，尹晓敏，徐 杰（西北工业大学 理学院应用化学系，陕西 西安 710072）
摘 要：采用sol-gel法制备了不同摩尔比的Ag-TiO2粉体材料，利用XRD分析了掺银对TiO2晶型转变的影响，同时采用琼脂孔穴扩散-抑菌圈法研究了掺杂不同浓度的Ag+及热处理温度对抗菌性能的影响。结果表明：Ag+的掺杂促进了TiO2锐钛矿相的形成，但没有影响TiO2的晶相转变过程；掺2%Ag+ (Ag︰Ti = 2︰100，原子摩尔比)，400～500℃热处理温度的混晶型Ag-TiO2具有较高的抗菌性能；100℃干燥4h后的Ag-TiO2粉末也具有十分显著的抗菌性能，其抑菌圈直径最大可达17.2mm。
关键词：纳米材料；溶胶-凝胶法；琼脂孔穴扩散-抑菌圈法；TiO2；掺银；相变；抗菌性能
Study on Phase Transformation and Bactericidal Activity of Sol-gel Ag Doped Titania Powders
CHENG Yongqing, LI Liling, YIN Xiaomin, XU Jie ( Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710072, China )
Abstract: Pure and different mol ratio Ag doped TiO2 powders were prepared by sol-gel process. The effect of Ag doping on TiO2 anatase to rutile phase transformation was investigated by means of XRD, and the that of various Ag+ concentration and heat treatment on antibacterial property was determined by agar hole diffusion-inhibition zone method. It was found that the Ag doping promotes the formation of anatase but has no effect to the phase transformation, when the Ag+ concentration is 2% and the heat treatment temperature is 400～500℃, Ag-TiO2 is a composite structure of anatase and rutile and have a great antibacterial property. Ag doped TiO2 powders are of remarkable antibacterial property after 100℃ heating treatment for 4h too, the largest diameter of inhibition zone can reach 17.2mm.
Key words: nanomaterials; sol-gel process; agar hole diffusion-inhibition zone method; TiO2; Ag doping; phase transformation; antibacterial property
10, 等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中超痕量贵金属和铼
胡庆云1，张振森1*，陈杭亭2，段太成2，徐羽梧3
（1. 吉林大学，吉林 长春 130026; 2. 长春应用化学研究所，吉林 长春 130022; 3. 武汉大学，湖北 武汉 430072）
摘 要：用等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中超痕量Au、Pt、Pd、Os、Ir、Ru、Rh和Re。试验了HCl/H2O2封闭溶样法，研究了ZPA4螯合树脂富集8元素的条件，并通过树脂灰化、HCl/H2O2封闭分解制备成试液，供ICP-MS测定。本法的检出限(ng/g)分别为0.21Au、0.12Pt、0.20Pd、0.024Os、0.016Ir、0.028Ru、0.022Rh、0.22Re，方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%~14.8%。本法的特点是有效地降低了空白值，提高了仪器的检测能力。
关键词：分析化学；等离子体质谱法；贵金属；铼；封闭溶样；ZPA4树脂
Determination of Ultratrace Precious Metals and Rhenium in Geological Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
HU Qingyun1, ZHANG Zhensen1*, CHEN Hangting2, DUAN Taicheng2, XU Yuwu3
（1. Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130026, China; 2. Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; 3. Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China）
Abstract： Detemination of ultratrace Au, Pt, Pd, Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Re in geological samples by ICP-MS was described in this paper. The method of HCl/H2O2 closed tubes dissolution of minerals was tested. The condition of ZPA4 resin concentration of eight elements was studied. The solution for ICP-MS determination was prepared by resin ashing, and then HCl/H2O2 closed tubes dissolution. The detection limits (ng/g) are 0.21 for Au, 0.12 for Pt, 0.20 for Pd, 0.024 for Os, 0.016 for Ir, 0.028 for Ru, 0.022 for Rh, 0.22 for Re. Relative standard deviations for these elements are 3.1% to 14.8%. The method effectively reduces blank value, and improves the detection ability.
Key words：analytic chemistry; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)；precious metals；rhenium；closed tubes dissolution；ZPA4 resin
11, 银合金中镉的选择性滴定方法的研究与应用
陶赛祥1,2，朱利亚1*，石 红1，赵泽松2，陈海云2
（1. 贵研铂业股份有限公司，云南 昆明 650221；2. 云南民族大学 化学与生物技术学院，云南 昆明 650031）
摘 要：建立了碘化钾析出EDTA络合返滴定以测定银合金中镉的新方法；系统地研究了选择性测定银合金中镉含量的条件。结果表明：本法准确度高，测定5～15mg的镉量时，相对误差≤±0.20%；选择性好，大量常见贱金属和一定量的贵金属离子不干扰测定；操作简便、易于掌握。方法应用于实际样品分析，结果令人满意。
关键词：分析化学；滴定法；碘化钾；银合金；镉
Research and Application of the Method for Selective Titration of Cadmium in Silver Alloys
TAO Saixiang1,2, ZHU Liya1*, SHI Hong1, ZHAO Zesong2, CHEN Haiyun2
( 1. Sino-Platinum Metals Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650221, China; 2. Department of Chemistry and Biology Technology, Yunnan Nationalities University, Kunming , Yunnan 650031, China )
Abstract: A new method for determination of cadmium in silver alloys using potassium iodine as a selective reagent and Zn(NO3)2 complexometric titration EDTA released from Cd-EDTA complex was established. The conditions of determination of cadmium were investigated systematically. Experimental results indicated that the method has high accuracy for 5～15mg cadmium content with relative error of ≤±0.20% and well selectivity from common and precious metal ions. It is rapid, convenient, and it can be applied to analysis of actual samples with satisfactory results.
Key words: analytical chemistry; titration; potassium iodine; silver alloys; cadmium
12, 用N2O-C2H2原子吸收光谱法测定纯银中的铁
薛光荣1，夏敏勇2（1. 中国航天科技集团公司 上海空间电源研究所，上海 200233；2. 上海安谱科学仪器有
限公司 分析测试中心，上海 200030）
摘 要：作者提出运用N2O-C2H2火焰原子吸收光谱法测定银锌电池纯银中的铁含量。介绍了最佳测定条件以及呈良好线性范围的浓度。同时对样品的消化处理条件，测定中的干扰因素进行了综合考虑。方法的灵敏度好，其准确度与精密度更好的满足银锌电池研制工作的要求。测定样品铁含量相对标准偏差均＜1.0% (测定次数n = 6)。加标回收率均在97%～100%(n = 6)。适用于银锌电池纯银中铁的测定。
关键词：分析化学；N2O-C2H2火焰；原子吸收光谱法；银锌电池；纯银；铁。
Measurement of Iron Content in Pure Silver for Ag-Zn Cells by N2O-C2H2 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
XUE Guangrong1, XIA Minyong2 （1. Shanghai Institute of Space Power Source, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Shanghai 200233, China; 2. Shanghai ANPEL Science Instrument Company of Analyze the Test Center, Shanghai 200030, China）
Abstract: A new method of N2O-C2H2 flame atomic absorption spectrometry to measure iron content in the pure silver of silver-zinc cell was studied. The optimum conditions for measuring iron content and the concentration for presenting a fine linear range were introduced. The comprehensive interference factors were considered. The method has the advantages of high sensitivity, less interference and good selectivity and reproducibility. The relative standard deviations are all less than 1.0%, in measurements of six times, and the standard recovery is in the range of 97%～100%. It meets the quality requirement of instrumental analysis in laboratory.
Key words: analytic chemistry; N2O-C2H2 flame; atomic absorption spectrometry; silver-zinc cell; pure silver silk; iron
13, 氢还原重量法测定三氯化钌中Ru含量
朱武勋, 管有祥, 李楷中，刘 伟, 李光利（贵研铂业股份有限公司, 云南 昆明 650221）
摘 要：系统地研究了通氢还原重量法测定三氯化钌中钌含量的分析方法。确定了分析过程中的最佳分析条件，并与其它方法对同一样品的分析结果作比较。结果表明，本法具有准确度高、回收率好、操作简便、易于掌握等优点，加标回收率≥98.92%。此方法已用于实际样品的分析，结果令人满意。
关键词：分析化学；三氯化钌；氢还原；钌；重量法
Determination of Ruthenium in Ruthenium Trichloride by Hydrogen Reduction Gravimetric Method
ZHU Wuxun, GUAN Youxiang, LI Kaizhong, LIU Wei, LI Guangli( Sino-Platinum Metals Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650221, China )
Abstract: The analytic method of determining the content of ruthenium in ruthenium trichloride by hydrogen reduction gravimetric method were studied systematically. The optimum conditions for analysis were investigated and the method was compared with atomic absorption method for the same sample. The experimental results indicated that the method has high accuracy and recovery, and it is easy to operate. The standard recoveries is 98.92%. The method is used for analysis of real samples with satisfactory results.
Key words: analytic chemistry; ruthenium trichloride ; hydrogen reduction; ruthenium; gravimetric method
14，难处理金矿石细菌氧化的影响因素研究
杨丽丽1,2，杨洪英2，范有静2，王大文2，朱长亮2，孙会兰2
（1. 沈阳理工大学, 辽宁 沈阳 110168；2. 东北大学，辽宁 沈阳 110000）
摘 要：对于影响细菌氧化难处理金矿石的诸多因素，许多学者仅从单个或几个方面做出研究。鉴于此种状况，本文从生物学角度对细菌冶金工艺中的细菌生活场所、驯化条件、适宜的生长环境因子等因素进行了论述, 从矿物学角度进行了矿石矿物组成、矿石化学成分的研究，另外还作了矿石粒度、矿浆浓度、表面活性剂和反应器结构等工艺方面的探索。从多方面论述了不同情况对细菌浸矿速率的影响效果。
关键词：湿法冶金；难处理金矿石；细菌氧化；影响因素；浸出速率
Study on Influencing Factors of Bacterial Oxidation ofRefractory Gold Ores
YANG Lili1,2, YANG Hongying2, FAN Youjing2, WANG Dawen2, ZHU Changliang2, SUN Huilan 2 ( 1. Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110168, China; 2. Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China )
Abstract： Quite a few factors can accelerate or restrain the bacterial oxidition of refractory gold ores more or less. Most researchers set about their experiments only on one or two kinds of points. In view of the drawbacks and according to the latest results, the author exerts herself on considerable work from biology of the bacterial living site, domestication and adaptable cultivated conditions, and then from the mineralogy of the chemical components of deposites, mineral constitutions, and last from technique of the grains, slurry density, surfactants and the structure of reactors etc, to discuss their advantageous or disadvantageous effects respectively on bio-leaching rate.
Key words：hydro-metallurgy; refractory gold ore；bio-oxidation；influencing factor；leaching rate
15，金锗合金在电子工业中的应用
阳岸恒，谢宏潮 ( 贵研铂业股份有限公司，云南 昆明 650221 )
摘 要：金锗合金有着低的接触电阻及与衬底粘附性好等特点，主要用于M/S (金属/半导体)中以形成欧姆接触；同时，由于其良好的润湿性、导电性和导热性及较低的封接温度和热膨胀系数，在电子封装中也得到广泛应用。
关键词：金属材料；金锗合金；电子封装；金属/半导体系统；欧姆接触
Application of Au-Ge Alloy in Electron Industry
YANG Anheng, XIE Hongchao ( Sino-Platinum Metals Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650221, China )
Abstract : Au-Ge alloy has low contact resistance, and good stickiness with substrate. It is used mainly in metal/semiconductor (M/S) system to form ohmic contact. And, because of good wettability, electrical and thermal-conductivity, low sealing package temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion, so it is widely used in electron package.
Key words: metal materials; Au-Ge alloy; electron package; M/S system; ohmic contact
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