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| 昆明贵金属研究所->《贵金属》杂志-> 2006年第4期摘要 |
《贵金属》2006年第4期（总106期）摘要 彭红建1,2，谢佑卿2，余方新2 Atomic States and Properties of Ni, Pd and Pt Metals PENG Hongjian1,2, XIE Youqing2, YU Fangxin2 Abstract: Using the One-Atom theory(OA), the atomic states of pure
Ni，Pd and Pt metals with fcc structure are determined as follows respectively:
[Ar](3dn)2.69(3dm)0.66 (3dc)5.24 (4sc)0.25(4sf)1.16, [Kr] (4dn)5.98
(4dc)2.23 (5sc)1.56(5sf)0.23 and [Xe](5dn)6.48(5dc)2.02 (6sc)1.48(6sf)0.02.
According to their atomic states, the calculation results of lattice
constant, bonding energy and bulk modulus of elasticity are in excellent
agreement with experimental values. The relationship between the atomic
states with the differences of physical properties and catalytic performances
is explained qualitatively. The potential curve of Ni, Pd, Pt, and
the linear thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat of Ni,
Pd, Pt as a function of temperature are calculated quantitatively. 摘 要：依据纯金属单原子理论(OA)确定了面心立方结构(fcc)金属Ni、Pd、Pt的原子状态依次为：[Ar](3dn)2.69(3dm)0.66
(3dc)5.24 (4sc)0.25(4sf)1.16,
[Kr] (4dn)5.98 (4dc)2.23
(5sc)1.56(5sf)0.23 and
[Xe](5dn)6.48(5dc)2.02 (6sc)1.48(6sf)0.02，由这种原子状态计算的晶格常数、结合能、体弹性模量等结果与实验值符合较好。在此基础上定性解释了金属Ni、Pd、Pt的原子状态与物理性质的差异及催化性能的关系，通过计算得到了金属Ni、Pd、Pt的势能曲线，以及线热膨胀系数和比热等物理性质随温度变化的曲线。
杨天足，窦爱春，江名喜 ，楚 广（中南大学 冶金科学与工程学院， 湖南 长沙 410083） Influence of Concentration of Chlorine Ion on Leaching of Silver Chloride by Ammonia YANG Tianzu, DOU Aichun, JIANG Mingxi，CHU Guang Abstract: In this paper, the mechanism of leaching of silver chloride
by ammonia and the influences of concentration of ammonia, pH value
of the solution and concentration of chlorine ion on the solubility
of silver were studied. The solubility of AgCl increases with the
concentration of ammonia and the pH value in the range of 7.7 and
11, the optimal pH value is 11. The solubility of AgCl decreases with
increasing of concentration of chlorine ion when the concentration
of chlorine ion is low. The reason why ammonia can not be recycled
is the accumulation of chlorine ions in the leaching solution. 摘 要：作者利用配合物化学理论，对氯化银在氨水中的溶解度进行一系列计算，结果表明氨水浸出氯化银时，氨浓度、pH值、氯离子浓度对氯化银溶解度都有影响。氯化银的溶解度随氨浓度的增大而增大；在7.7＜pH＜11时，氯化银的溶解度随pH值的增大而增大，且最佳浸银的pH
= 11；在氨水体系中氯离子浓度相对较小时，氯化银的溶解度随氯离子浓度的增大而减小；其中，氯离子浓度对氯化银溶解度的影响尤为重要。基于氯离子的影响，再联系实际生产，得出工业上氨水浸出AgCl的溶液不能循环使用的直接原因是溶液中Cl－的不断积累。
姚书典1,2，沈嘉年1，刘 冬1，吴志良3，孙 娟1 ( 1. 上海大学 材料所，上海 200072； Variation of Morphology & Composition of IrO2+Ta2O5
Coated Titanium YAO Shudian1,2, SHEN Jianian1, LIU Dong1 , WU Zhiliang3
, SUN Jun1 Abstract: A coating layer of IrO2+Ta2O5 as a catalytical active layer
on a titanium substrate was prepared by thermal decomposition method
and age treatment in air at 373K. After intensifying life time test
in aqueous solution of H2SO4 0.5mol/L at 4A?cm-2 current density,
the morphology and composition were investigated by field emission
scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray
spectrometry(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy(XPS). The XRD and XPS results revealed that the texture
of IrO2 rutile crystal is preferentially grown and its crystal plane
spacing increases with aging time. The results also showed that the
oxygen evolution leads up to the corrosion of the coating layer by
layer, and consequently cracks are initiated and extended, resulting
in fragmentation and peeling, and that the selective consumption of
iridium oxide and the presence of titanium element in outermost coating
layer, this might be originated from Ti substrate which is dissolved
and diffused through the coating layer defects during electrolysis
process. 摘 要：作者用热分解法制备钛基IrO2+Ta2O5涂层阳极，涂层制备态在373 K马弗炉中长时间时效处理，然后在0.5mol/L
H2SO4介质中、4A?cm-2电流密度下进行强化寿命试验。用自带能谱仪(EDS)的场发射高分辩电子扫描显微镜(SE-SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行电解前后的表面形貌和成分分析。研究结果显示涂层制备态在373K马弗炉中长时间时效处理时，金红石IrO2织构优先生长且晶面间距随时效时间延长而增加；电解过程中涂层的失效过程为：气体氧对涂层界面的冲刷造成涂层逐层腐蚀消耗，接着涂层产生裂纹和扩展，导致涂层剥落；化学成分方面，涂层氧化铱优先消耗和氧化钛逐步积累。
吴 进1，2，杜 琳1，李桂英1，胡常伟1* ( 1. 四川大学 化学学院，绿色化学与技术教育部重点实验室， Study on Electro-catalytic Oxidative Degradation of
Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP WU Jin1,2, DU Lin1, LI Guiying 1, HU Changwei1* Abstract: RuOx-PdO/Ti electrode was prepared and applied to the electro-catalytic
oxidation degra- dation of reactive brilliant red K-2BP using NaCl
as supporting electrolyte. The parameters altering the efficiency
of electro-catalytic oxidation degradation were also investigated
and optimized. It was found that under the optimal reaction conditions(pH
value 2, concentration of NaCl 0.02 mol/L and current intensity 0.25mA/cm2),
the color removal of 99.6% within 1 hour can be obtained. The main
cause of discoloration can be attributed to a synergetic effect between
direct oxidation of electrode and indirect oxidation of free chlorine
formed during the electrochemical treatment. The electrode performs
well over a wide range of temperatures and initial concentrations
of dye. This showed the potential application of RuOx-PdO/Ti electrode
in the treatment of dye-polluted water. 摘 要：本文以自制钛基RuOx-PdO电极为阳极，钛片为阴极，NaCl为电解质，研究了活性艳红K-2BP的电催化氧化降解行为。实验结果表明，在pH值为2.0、NaCl浓度为0.02mol/L、电流密度为0.25mA/cm2和室温条件下，20mg/L活性艳红K-2BP经电催化氧化1h，脱色率可以达到99.6%。在本实验条件下，活性艳红K-2BP的脱色降解主要是电生活性氯的间接氧化和钛基RuOx-PdO
电极直接氧化协同作用的结果。作者用钛基RuOx-PdO 电极降解活性艳红K-2BP，其适用性较强，可在较大的温度范围、较宽的染料浓度时达到较好的脱色效果。表明作者自制钛基RuOx-PdO电极具有良好的电催化氧化性能，在降解活性染料方面，有一定的应用前景。
宋吉明1，张胜义1*，史洪伟2，金葆康1，沈玉华1 Preparation and Mechanism of Ag Nanoparticles with Soft-template SONG Jiming1, ZHANG Shengyi1*, SHI Hongwei2, JIN Baokang1,
SHEN Yuhua1 Abstract: In the presence of soft-template such as PVP, PVA and CTS，Ag
nanoparticles with different morphologies were prepared through liquid
phase chemical deoxidization method. The effect factors, such as surfactants,
temperature and ultrasonic action were discussed. The products were
characterized with transmission electron microscopy(TEM), ultra-violet-visible(UV-Vis),
infrared absorption spectroscopy(IR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The
growth mechanism and the photoelectric properties of Ag nanoparticles
were studied. 摘 要：在聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和壳聚糖(CTS)等软模板存在下，通过液相化学还原法制备出各种形貌的银纳米粒子。重点讨论了PVP软模板及其浓度、温度、超声等因素对银纳米粒子形貌的影响，运用TEM、XRD、IR、UV-Vis等测试技术对样品进行了表征，探讨了银纳米粒子的形成机理，并对银纳米粒子的光学性质进行了研究。
索春光1，刘晓为1，张宇峰1，唐 鼎1，陆学斌1，夏洪洋1，曹姗姗2 （1. 哈尔滨工业大学 MEMS Preparation of Pt and Pt -based Alloy/C Electrocatalysts
by Chemical Reduction SUO Chunguang1, LIU Xiaowei1, ZHANG Yufeng1, TANG
Ding 1, LU Xuebin1, XIA Hongyang1, Abstract：The Pt/C and 3 kinds of Pt-based alloy/C electrocatalysts
for direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC) were prepared by impregnation
with aqueous solution and chemical reduction with NaBH4. XRD, SEM
and EDX analyses indicated that the average particle size of active
metals is in the range of several nanometers with excellent dispersion,
and that the molar ratio of them are reasonable. The Pt/C and Pt-based
alloys/C were adopted as the cathodic catalyst and the anodic catalyst,
respectively. The performances of the DMFC were tested. The polarization
curves and power density curves of the cells were measured to determine
the optimal alloy composition and condition for the electrocatalysts.
The results showed that the ?DMFC with 30wt% Pt/C as the cathodic
catalyst and n(Pt):n(Ru):n(Ir):n(Mo) = 2:1:2:3 PtRuIrMo/C as the anodic
catalyst at RT in 2.0mol/L methanol solution has the best performances. 摘 要：采用混合水溶液浸渍，硼氢化钠还原的方法制备了微型直接甲醇燃料电池用电催化剂，包括碳载铂、碳载铂基合金电催化剂。XRD、SEM、EDX测试结果表明催化剂的粒度达纳米级，且分散性好、原子摩尔配比合理。将Pt/C、Pt合金/C分别作为电池的阴极和阳极电催化剂，通过电池的极化曲线和功率密度曲线筛选出最佳的催化剂组成。在室温下，甲醇浓度为2mol/L时，阴极采用30wt%Pt的Pt/C，阳极采用n(Pt)∶n(Ru)∶n(Ir)∶n(Mo)
= 2∶1∶2∶3的PtRuIrMo/C电催化剂，其电池的性能最好。
刘卫斌，王健农*，潘留国 （上海交通大学 材料科学与工程学院，上海 200030 ） Effect of Homogenization Heat Treatment on Hardness
and Microstructure for LIU Weibin, WANG Jiannong*, PAN Liuguo Abstract: A kind of AuPtZnRhInFeIr alloy for the purpose of PFM was
produced by vacuum arc melting and homogenization heat treatment at
950℃ for 30min followed by quenching into ice-water. Two-phase microstructures
are observed not only in the as-cast alloy but the heat treated alloy.
Particles and the amount of Pt-rich α2 phase become smaller and less
after heat treatment. The presence of Pt-rich phase in heat treated
alloy is attributed to the less difference between the temperature
of heat treatment and that of solid-state transformation for the separation
of two phases. 摘 要：研究了均匀化热处理对一种无钯牙科高金烤瓷合金组织性能的影响，对其进行了950℃保温30min的均匀化处理，然后快速在冰水混合物中淬火，并对之做了一系列测试分析。实验结果显示合金在均匀化热处理后，组织显著均匀化，硬度显著降低。淬火后的合金仍为α1和α2两相组织，但富铂的α2相颗粒的量比铸态组织明显减少，颗粒的尺寸也有所减小，SEM下观察有很强的立体感。作者认为合金高温淬火后仍为两相组织，而非单一均匀相，主要与热处理温度和材料的固态相变温度相距较近有关。
王 健，周世平，唐 敏，陈亮维，李 季，俞建树，蒋传贵，王耀东 Phase Composition and Structure of Au Alloy/Ni19 Filamentary Composite Materials WANG Jian，ZHOU Shiping，TANG Min，CHEN Liangwei，LI Ji，YU
Jianshu, Abstract: The samples of Au alloy/Ni19 filamentary composite material
were prepared by extrusion method and treated at 600℃/0.5h. The phase
composition and structure, solid-solubility and tensile fracture surface
of the samples were studied by XRD and SEM. The results indicated
that the samples consist of AuPdGd solid solution and Ni base phase
both with fcc structure, their lattice constants are 0.408nm and 0.353nm,
respectively. The diffusivity of Au in Ni is bigger than that of Ni
in Au. The tensile fracture surface shows a typical ductile fracture
which is advantageous to follow-up processing. 摘 要：挤压法制备Au合金/Ni19纤维复合材料，经600℃/0.5h处理得到实验样品。利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析样品的相组成、相结构、固溶情况和拉伸断口形貌。结果表明：样品为AuPdGd固溶体和Ni基相组成，均为面心立方晶系，晶格常数a分别为0.408nm和0.353nm；Au在Ni中的扩散速度大于Ni在Au中的扩散速度；样品的拉伸断口是典型的韧性断口，有利于材料后续加工成型。
张光业1，2，张 华1，张厚安1，尹何迟1，郭建亭2 （1. 湖南科技大学 机械设备健康维护省重点实验室，湖南 湘潭 411201; 2. 中国科学院 金属研究所，辽宁 沈阳 110016） Influence of Palladium on Aluminizing Process by Low
Press Packing Cementation ZHANG Guangye1,2, ZHANG Hua1, ZHANG Houan1, YIN Hechi1, GUO Jianting2 Abstract: The aluminizing process by low press packing cementation
(LPPC) on the surface of K17 superalloy was investigated in this paper.
The results indicated that the aluminizing rate for the specimen with
electric plating of Pd-20wt%Ni is faster than that of pure K17 superalloy
at the tested temperatures. The kinetic curves obey the relation of
parabolic at 950℃ and 1050℃, respectively. The proportion of aluminizing
content of “S” to the total aluminizing content is over 18% and 44.2%~47%
at 950℃ and 1050℃ respectively. With the increasing aluminizing temperature,
the proportion of “S” aluminizing content becomes larger, it only
depends on the process. The diffusive rate of elements becomes faster
and the growth rate of coating is improved because of modification
of palladium. 摘 要：研究了在高温合金K17表面上低压固体粉末包埋(LPPC)渗铝工艺。实验结果表明：在合金表面电镀Pd-20wt%Ni合金后，在950℃
和1050℃ 渗铝制备铝化物涂层，与未经过电镀处理的样品相比，其渗铝速度得到提高，形成铝化物涂层的动力学在950℃和1050℃ 时符合抛物线规律。在950℃
时，“S”渗铝量占总渗铝量的比例略大于18%，在1050℃时该比例为44.2％～47％，和渗铝温度有关，与样品预处理状态无关；提高渗铝温度，“S”渗铝比例提高。Pd元素加快了元素的扩散速度，促进了涂层的生长。
吴伟明，杨 萍，杜海燕，李旭东 （江西理工大学， 江西 赣州 341000） Spectrophotometric Determination of Gold in Ores by Extraction with Isoamyl-alcohol and Colouration with TMK-n-butyl-alcohol WU Weiming, YANG Ping, DU Haiyan, LI Xudong Abstract: A new determination method of gold in ores was studied.
The sample is dissolved with aqua regia. The gold is extracted with
isoamyl-alcohol and determinated by spectrophotometry with TMK-n-
butyl-alcohol as colour reagent at pH = 4 in the media of acetic acid-sodium
acetate . The Beer,s law is obeyed in the range of 0～5μg/5mL for gold.
The results are satisfactory. 摘 要：本文建立了测定矿石中金的测定新方法。经王水溶样后，用异戊醇为萃取剂富集分离出Au(III)，在pH = 4的HAc-NaAc介质中，经TMK-正丁醇显色，在540nm波长处用分光光度法测定了矿石中金的含量。本法表观摩尔吸光系数为1.29×105L?
mol-1? cm-1，在金含量为0～5μg/5mL符合比尔定律。经与原子吸收法测得值相比较和回收率验证，结果令人满意。
文劲松，罗清泉（昆明贵金属研究所，昆明 650221） Determination of Carbon and Sulfur in Silver by High
Frequency Infrared WEN Jinsong, LUO Qingquan ( Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, Yunnan 650221, China ) Abstract: A method for determination of trace carbon and sulfur in
pure silver is proposed. Conditions for the analysis are optimized.
The ranges of analysis are 0.002%～1% for carbon and 0.002%～0.1% for
sulfur, the RSD(n=6) are 0.34164%～2.01231%, the proposed method is
simple and fast . 摘 要：作者采用高频红外吸收法同时测定Ag中的C和S，对试样的制备、助熔剂的选择、分析条件等进行了较详细的研究。方法快速、简便、灵敏度高，C、S的测定范围分别为0.002%～1%和0.002%～0.1%，对自己配制的合成样进行6次平行测定，其RSD分别为：C
= 0.34%和S = 2.01%，C、S的回收率都在95%～105%，获得了满意的结果。
谢 明，杨有才，黎玉盛，张健康，符世继，陈 力，曾荣川，尹长青 （昆明贵金属研究所，云南 昆明 650221） Development of in Use Silver Base Electrical Engineering Contact Materials and Cadmium Free New Materials XIE Ming, YANG Youcai, LI Yushen, ZHANG Jiankan, FU Shiji, CHEN Li, ZENG Rong chuan, YIN Changqing, ( Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, Yunnan 650221, China ) Abstract: This paper introduces the research and application of silver
matrix electrical engineering contact materials, including their kinds,
properties, applications, and selection principles in the practice.
Investigation on new materials of cadmium free and development of
new technology will turn into the aim of the electrical engineering
contact materials. 摘 要：本文介绍了当前国内外银基电工触头材料的研究应用情况，阐述了电工触头材料的种类、性能及用途，以及在实际应用中的选用原则，指出无镉新材料的研究及新技术开发将成为电工触头材料领域的发展目标。
宋永辉1,2，梁工英1，兰新哲2 （1. 西安交通大学 陕西 西安 710049；2. 西安建筑科技大学 陕西 西安 710055） Research and Development in Preparation of Superfine-silver Powders by Chemical Methods SONG Yonghui1,2, LIANG Gongying1, LAN Xinzhe2 ( 1. Xi/an Jiaotong University, Xi/an, Shanxi 710049, China; 2. Xi/an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi/an, Shanxi 710055, China ) Abstract: Preparation of superfine-silver powders by chemical reduction
method is a hotspot problem. This paper expatiated on the classification
of superfine silver powders, and principle and process of preparation
of superfine-silver powders. The present research status of superfine-silver
powders prepared by liquid chemical method was summarized and the
main effective factors in the preparation process was analysed. 摘 要：化学法制备超细银粉是目前研究的一个热点，作者在总结前人研究成果的基础上，系统地阐述了超细银粉的分类、化学制备原理及工艺，并对液相化学方法制备超细银粉的技术研究现状进行了综述，对超细银粉制备过程中的主要影响因素进行了分析。
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